【岳阳楼记】上课笔记，中英译文~~
我们翻译课的作业 秀出来做个参考 头痛予观夫巴陵胜状。在洞庭一湖。衔远山。吞长江。浩浩荡荡，横无际涯；朝晖夕阴，气象万千。此则岳阳楼之大观也。前人之述备矣。然则北通巫峡，南极潇湘，迁客骚人，多会于此，览物之情，得无异乎？
若夫霪雨霏霏，连月不开，阴风怒号，浊浪排空；日星隐曜，山岳潜形；商旅不行，檣倾揖摧；薄暮冥冥，虎啸猿啼。登斯楼也，则有去国怀乡，忧谗畏讥，满目萧然，感极而悲者矣！
至若春和景明，波澜不惊，上下天光，一碧万顷；沙鸥翔集，锦鳞游泳；岸芷汀兰，郁郁青青。而或长烟一空，皓月千里，浮光跃金，静影沉壁；渔歌互答，此乐何极！登斯楼也，则有心旷神恰，宠辱皆忘，把酒临风，其喜洋洋者矣。
嗟夫！予尝求古仁人之心，或异二者之为，何能？不以物喜，不以己悲；居庙堂之高，则忧其民；处江湖之远，则忧其君。是进亦忧，退亦忧。然则何时而乐耶？其必曰“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”欤？噫！微斯人，吾谁与归。
时六年九月十五日。
岳阳楼记YUEYANG PAVILION (Tower)
Fan Zhongyan
【作者简介】Notes to the author:
范仲淹（公元989—1052），字希文，苏州吴县（今江苏吴县人）。
Fan Zhongyan (989—1052 ) was born in Wu County, Suzhou
Prefecture (today’s Wu County, Jiangsu Province ). His polite name is Xiwen. 北宋著名政治家、军事家。公元1015年（宋真宗大中祥符八年）中进士。公元1040年以后，历任陕西经略安抚副使、枢密副使、参知政事（副宰相）等职，曾上书提出十项政治改革方案，因受阻挠而未能实现。
He is a famous politician and military strategist of the Northern Song Dynasty. He passed the imperial examination for jinshi in 1015 (the 8th year of Dazhong Xiangfu, Song Zhenzong Emperor) and held the posts of Jinglǜe Anfu (Vice High Commissioner, generally of border areas), Vice Privy Councilor, Canzhi Zhengshi (Vice Premier), etc. Once he put forward a ten-point reformation plan which was turned down.
公元 1045年被免去参政知事，先后到邓州（今河南邓县）、杭州、青州（今山东益都）任地方官。
After he was removed from the post of Vice Premier in l045, he became a local officer in successively in Deng
Prefecture (today's Deng County, Henan Province), and Hangzhou
Prefecture, Qing
Prefecture (today’s Yidu, Shandong Province).
他的诗词和文章都有特色，著有《范文正公集》。
His poems and ci poems (poetry written to certain tunes with strict tonal patterns and rhyme schemes, in fixed numbers of lines and characters, originating in the Tang Dynasty and fully developed in the Song Dynasty) and articles bear his own features. His works are collected in A Collection of Fanwenzheng Gong (Fang Zhongyan).
【题解】Introduction to the article:
这篇抒情文章是公元1046年（宋仁宗庆历六年）作者被乏为邓州知州时写的。
This lyric prose was written in 1046 (the 6th year of Qingli, Song Renzong), the year when the author was demoted to Magistrate of Deng Prefecture.
作者在政治上失意之后，并“不以物喜，不以己悲”，Though thwarted politically, he still followed the principle (his own life philosophy) that "natura1 beauty is not enough to make one happy, nor one's own situation enough to make one sad ". (One should be neither excited about worldly (external) gains nor upset by his own plight.)
却通过对比，绘声绘色地描绘了洞庭湖的雄伟气势和壮丽景色。Through contrast, the imposing aspect and the magnificent scenery of the Dongting
Lake is described extremely vividly.
最后提出要“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”，表现了一个坚持改革的政治家的坚强意志和崇高理想。At the end he suggests that "one should be concerned before anyone else and enjoy oneself only after everyone else finds enjoyment", which shows the strong will and 1ofty aims of a political reformist.
(One should be the first to bear hardships while the last to enjoy comforts. One should be concerned about the state affairs before others while enjoying the comforts after them.)
文章以四言句式为主，讲究铺排，音调铿锵，感染力强。
It is mainly written in a four-character style. With its strict parallelism, it sounds sonorous and forceful.
庆历四年春，滕子京谪守巴陵郡。越明年，政通人和，百废具兴。乃重修岳阳楼，增其旧制，刻唐贤今人诗赋于其上。属予作文以记之。
In the spring of the fourth year of the Qingli period (the year 1044 ),Teng Zijjng was banished (expelled) from the capital to be prefect of Baling
Prefecture (demoted to Prefecture Magistrate of Baling). After he had governed the prefecture for a year, the administration became efficient, the people became united, and all that were left undone took on a new look (were given a new lease of life). Then he had Yueyang Pavilion (Tower) restored, enlarging its size while having inscribed on it poems by famous men of the Tang Dynasty as well as the present time. And he asked me to write an essay to commemorate all this. Now I have found that the finest sights of Baling are concentrated in the region of Lake
Dongting. Dongting, nibbling at the distant hills and gulping down the Yangzi
River, strikes all beholders as vast and infinite, presenting a scene of boundless variety; and this is the superb view from Yueyang Pavilion. All this has been described in full by writers of earlier ages. However, since the lake is linked with Wu Gorge in the north and extends to the rivers Xiao and Xiang in the south, many exiles and wandering poets gather here, and their reactions to these sights vary greatly.
During a period of incessant rain, when a spell of bad weather continues for more than a month, when chilly/cold winds bellow angrily, tumultuous (uproar) waves hurl themselves against the sky, sun and stars hide their light, hills and mountains disappear, merchants have to halt in their travels, masts collapse and oars splinter, the day darkens and the roars of tigers and howls of monkeys are heard, if men come to this Pavilion with a longing for home in their hearts or nursing a feeling of bitterness because of taunts and slander, they may find the sight depressing and fall prey to agitation or despair.
But during mild and bright spring weather, when the waves are unruffled and the azure translucence above and below stretches before your eyes for myriads of li, when the water-birds fly down to congregate (assemble, gather) on the sands and fish with scales like glimmering silk disport themselves in the water, when the iris and orchids on the banks grow luxuriant and green; or when dusk falls over this vast expanse and bright moonlight casts its light a thousand li when the rolling waves glitter like gold and silent shadows in the water glimmer like jade, and the fishermen sing to each other for sheer joy, then men coming up to this Pavilion may feel complete freedom of heart and ease of spirit, forgetting every worldly gain or setback to hold their wine-cups in the breeze in absolute elation (great joy, high spirits), delighted with life.
But again when I consider the men of old who possessed true humanity, they seem to have responded quite differently. The reason may be this: natural beauty was not enough to make them happy, nor their own situation enough to make them sad. When such men are high in the government or at court, their first concern is for the peop1e; when they retire to distant streams and lakes, their first concern is for their sovereign. Thus they worry both when in office and when in retirement. When, then, can they enjoy themselves in life? No doubt they are concerned before anyone else and enjoy themselves only after everyone else finds enjoyment. Surely these are the men whose footsteps I should follow!
[ 本帖最后由 gcd001 于 2008-6-16 15:29 编辑 ]
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